Mysticism
is not really a coherent philosophy of life, but more a temper of mind. A
mystic vision is intuitive; a mystic feels the presence of divine reality
behind and within the ordinary world of sense and perception. He feels that God
and the supreme soul animating all things are identical. He believes that all
things in the visible world are but forms and manifestations of the one Divine
life.
The
self-proclaimed “American Bard” Walt Whitman is undoubtedly a
mystic and transcendental poet. He shocked his contemporaries by his embrace of
the sensual; “Song of Myself” has been regarded as a prolonged
expression of an experience that is essentially mystical. The beautiful
sampling of Whitman’s poetry from “Song of Myself” offers a glimpse into
the spiritual side of his most radical themes–love for country, love for others
and love for self. Whitman seeks to tear down the belief the spiritual resides
only in the religious and embraces the idea that nothing is more divine than
humankind, nothing greater than individual soul. There is a great deal of
sexual elements in Whitman’s poetry; sexual connotations are inseparable from
the mystical experience.
In “Song
of Myself” Whitman’s overjoyed revelation of union of his body with his
soul has been depicted in his mystic expression. Held in the trance-like grip
of the soul from beard to feet, the poet has a feeling of fraternity and
oneness with God and his fellowmen:
“And I
know the hand of God is the promise of my own
And
I know that the spirit of God is the brother of my own
And that
all – of the creation of love.”
As a
mystic Whitman believed that there is no difference between Creator and the
Creation. His “self” is a universal self. He sees people of both
sexes, all ages, many different walks of life; even animals are included. The
poet along with the divine spirit not only loves them all; he is also a part of
them.
In “Song
of Myself”, mystical experience is symbolically conveyed through a piece of
sensuous experience. Being a mystic poet of his own kind, Whitman gives equal
importance to body and soul; he becomes the spokesman of the “forbidden voices”
of ‘sexes and lusts indecent.’ He loves his body and is sensitive
to another’s touch. Both the lady and the prostitute enjoy equal position in
his poetry, for the inner reality, the soul has been created by the same God.
Whitman declares: “If anything is sacred, the human body is sacred.” Thus
he takes equal delight both in good and bad, noble or ignoble.
Whitman
does not reject the material world. He seeks the spiritual through the
material. He does not subscribe to the belief that objects illusive. There is
no tendency on the part of the soul to leave this world for God. Whitman does
not belittle the achievements of science and materialism.
“Hurrah
for positive science!
Long live
exact demonstration.”
Whitman
praises not merely life, but absolute worth of every particular and individual
person. Thus, his comic consciousness is the result of the expansion of the
ego. The word “I” assumes an enlarged universal connotation
bringing the smallest and the greatest things of the universe within its
compass.
James E.
Miller considers Whitman’s Song of Myself as “inverted mystical
experience”. While the traditional mystic attempts to annihilate
himself and mortify his senses in preparation for his union with the divine;
Whitman magnifies the self and glorifies the senses in his progress towards the
union with the absolute. Although Whitman is influenced by Emerson and oriental
mysticism, yet there is a difference between Whitman’s mysticism and the
mysticism of Orient. Oriental mystic believes that communication between soul
and God is possible only through the mortification or conquest of the senses
and the physical appetites. On the other hand Whitman believes that spiritual
experiences are possible without sacrificing the physical appetites.
Whitman
seldom lost touch with the physical reality even in the mist of his mystical
experience. Physical phenomena for him were symbols of spiritual reality. He
believed that “the unseen is proved by seen”; thus he makes use
of highly sensuous and concrete imagery to convey his perception of divine
reality. He finds a purpose behind any natural objects- grass, sea, birds,
flowers animals etc.
Whitman
is a mystic as much as he is a poet of democracy and science, but a “mystic
without a creed.” Song of Myself portrays Whitman's poetic birth
and the mystical journey; the poet feels the exhilaration of being no longer
bound by the ties of space and time: he is "afoot with"
his "vision." He feels able, indeed, to range back and forth
over all time, and to soar like a meteor out into space. His entity is unique:
he can assume the "gigantic beauty of a stallion" and
can turn himself into a departing air or annihilate himself into a dirt.
The poet does not deny but dismisses his "contradictions,"
asserting, "I am large, I contain multitudes." In the
beginning the poet vows to "permit to speak at every hazard, /
Nature without check with original energy." Leaving "Creeds
and schools in abeyance" , he goes "to the bank by the
wood” and becomes “ undisguised and naked"
similarly, at the end, he describes himself as "not a bit tamed,"
as "untranslatable," as one who sounds his "barbaric
yawp over the roofs of the world." His journey over and done, he
prepares for departure, bequeathing himself "to the dirt to grow
from the grass" he loves, and tells the reader: "If you
want me again look for me under your boot-soles." At the end, the
poet admonishes his readers to "keep encouraged" and
continue their search for him, promising: "I stop somewhere waiting
for you."
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